1450-1648 period

Renaissance: A cultural and intellectual movement during the 14th-17th centuries that sparked a renewed interest in art, literature, and learning.

Protestant Reformation: A religious reform movement led by Martin Luther in the early 16th century that challenged certain practices and doctrines of the Catholic Church.

Scientific Revolution: A period from the late 16th to the 18th century when new scientific ideas and methods emerged, challenging traditional views and leading to major advancements in various fields.