The term "19th Century -isms" refers to the various ideological movements that emerged during the 1800s, such as nationalism, liberalism, socialism, and imperialism. These ideologies significantly influenced political, social, and economic developments in Europe.
Nationalism: A political ideology that emphasizes loyalty, devotion or allegiance to a nation or nation-state.
Liberalism: A political philosophy founded on ideas of liberty and equality.
Socialism: A socio-economic system in which property and wealth distribution are subject to control by the community.
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