Allude

Foreshadowing: The author gives hints or clues about future events in the story. For example, if a character keeps having bad dreams about falling off a cliff, it may foreshadow a dangerous situation later on.

Symbolism: When an object, person, or event represents something deeper or more abstract. For instance, a dove might symbolize peace in a poem.

Metaphor: A figure of speech that compares two unrelated things by saying one is the other. Like saying "The world is a stage," comparing life to a theater stage.