19th century

Industrial Revolution: A period of rapid industrialization that began in the late 18th century and continued into the early 19th century. It led to significant advancements in technology, transportation, and manufacturing processes.

Romanticism: An artistic and intellectual movement that emerged in the late 18th century and reached its peak during the early to mid-19th century. It emphasized individual emotion, imagination, nature, and subjective experience.

Darwinian Evolution: The theory proposed by Charles Darwin in the mid-19th century that species evolve over time through natural selection. This revolutionary idea challenged traditional religious beliefs about creation.